This is a reply to Andrew about Jews as seen by Muslims. God knows best about everything on this planet. He knows about Jews and Muslims. Glory be to Him.
Praise be to the All-knower of the seen and the unseen. I want to define the terms Jews and Muslims first of all, whether you take these definitions or you disagree with them, but these are more or less the way a Muslim sees these terms.
Jew - someone from the tribe of Jude or from the kingdom of Judea or someone who practises the religion that these nations practiced (whether it be the laws of Moses or the laws of the Talmud, or some other law); it may be someone from the Jude bloodlines or someone who married in later on after the scattering from Jerusalem.
I believe there are sincere religious Jews, also called orthodox Jews (religious people who pray every day and follow the laws and rituals they consider are commanded to them), then there are non-practising Jews, then there are atheist and entirely non-religious Jews. They claim Jewishness by ethnicity only, not by religosity.
Muslim - someone submitted to God. The term ‘Muslim’, or Submitter, is used in the Qur’an and is a name given by God to his willing servants (submission can be willing or unwilling, but for humans, willing submission is the goal, based on a recognition of God). Note that from our perspective, this is different from the names Jew and Christian. Although these latter two are both used in the Qur’an, they are used retrospectively - we understand that they were not names ordained by God. We see them both as man-made names.
The Qur’an points out that Noah was a muslim (10:72), and Abraham submitted to the Lord of the Worlds (i.e, he was a Muslim) (3:67), who both lived well before the time of Judea and the time of Christ, and we understand that all the prophets submitted to the will of God, and thus, they were Muslims.
Further, as Muslims are God’s servants and will serve Him as He orders, obeying Him in everything, then they like what is likable and tolerate what is tolerable and dislike what is worthy of dislike. God’s enemies are the enemies of Muslims, and God’s beloved are the beloved of Muslims.
Then, those who are neutral are neutral. A Muslim cannot hate someone who is neutral and yet say that person is ‘an enemy of islam’, using it as a lie to justify his behaviour. Justice must be maintained. God is a witness of our actions whether we declare them openly or not.
===================
So, while Jews and Christians are people of the book, they have still adopted religious beliefs and practices not sanctioned by Him, and they are often living in disobedience to Him, although as the Qur’an says, they are not all alike, some of them are pleasing to Him and will go to Paradise.
So, we see it as follows, and I testify to this as the divine truth: all prophets were Muslims, all preached Islam. Jews are a sect that departed from the pure Islamic teachings of their prophet, Moses and then killed other prophets that came to them with warnings. Repeating: all prophets were Muslims, all preached Islam. So, it follows that Christians are a sect that departed from the teachings of their prophet, Jesus, who preached Islam and who was a Muslim.
====================
Good Jews and bad Jews. The Quranic teachings about them are in chapters 2,3, 7, 17, 61, 62, and others. God knows best. Most people don’t understand them deeply.
I think that extensive contemplation of the Quran, especially chapter 2, is required to really get a grip on what they are doing and how they fit into the picture. Praise be to God. Essentially, though, they are very valuable. If not, they would have been given a ticket to the fire and sealed up and locked up and kicked out. But they haven’t. The door has been left open for them until jdugement day. This is shown below:
We gave Moses the Book, and made it a Guide to the Children of Israel: “Take not other than Me as trustee of your affairs.”
O ye that are sprung from those whom We carried with Noah! Verily he was a devotee most grateful.
And We gave decreed for the Children of Israel in the Book, that twice would they do mischief on the earth and be elated with mighty arrogance !
When the first of the promises came to pass, We sent against you Our servants given to terrible warfare: They entered the very inmost parts of your homes; and it was a promise completely fulfilled.
Then did We grant you the Return as against them: We gave you increase in resources and sons, and made you the more numerous in man-power.
If ye did well, ye did well for yourselves; if ye did evil, ye did it against yourselves. So when the second of the promises came to pass, We permitted your enemies to disfigure your faces, and to enter your Temple as they had entered it before, and to visit with destruction all that fell into their power.
It may be that your Lord may yet show Mercy unto you; but if ye revert to your ways, We shall revert to Ours: And we have made Hell a prison for those who reject.
Quran 17:3-8
Compared to the old testament, the Qur’an is light anyway. Look at the language in the books after the five of Moses and up to the books of the witnesses (which you call the Gospels) - these are heavier than the Qur’an on the Jews, but the Qur’an has summarised the whole thing and put it into perspective that is easy to follow. Praise be to almighty God.
I hope this gives a bit of an answer to the question, even though I haven’t shown much detail. The subject Israilliyat, means ‘the study of the Israelites’ in Arabic, is the area in question. God knows best about them. I’ve contacted Jews in my area and they did not wish to dialogue.
sebastian