OK, I read the N.T. Wright PDF that you submitted was ‘the gospel’. A few notes.
First, as far as I can understand Wright (in that he’s not the most concise person I’ve ever read), it seems inconsistent with other Pauline themes. If Wright has done anything for our modern theology, it is to emphasise the “Kingly” role of Jesus. But let us not forget in our frenzied study of all things Wright that Jesus is also “Prophet, Priest, and King”. Let us not throw out all the themes we follow in Biblical theology because one theologian decides to so correct a maybe missing emphasis on Jesus “Kingship” that we end up swinging the pendulum too far, and make Paul say things that ignore his other work.
My proposal at this point, then, is that, for Paul writing Galatians, ‘the gospel’ or ‘the gospel of Christ’ refers to this complex of belief and announcement. ‘The gospel’ is
not, for Paul, a message about ‘how one gets saved’, in an individual and ahistorical sense. It is the announcement
1. that the God of Israel is the one true God, and that the pagan deities are mere idols;
2. that Jesus of Nazareth, the crucified and risen one, is not merely ‘Lord’ in some cosmic sense, but is actually King—King of Israel, and hence (on the Davidic model of passages such as Psalm 89) the King before whom all the kings of the earth shall bow;
3. that Israel’s destiny has been fulfilled, her exile dinished, her salvation won, but in a manner which undermines the Jewish ethnic and nationalistic hope that
Paul had formerly espoused; and
4. that the rule of the pagan idols, which have kept the pagan nations in their iron grip has been broken, and that those who follow and serve them are now summoned to share in the blessings of Israel’s ‘age to come’.
Each aspect of this fourfold announcement is, I believe, vital if we are to understand what Paul means by ‘gospel’ at all, and particularly in Galatians. It is because Paul sees his Galatian opponents failing to grasp this sequence of thought that he accuses them of purveying ‘another gospel’.
Wright seems to insist that “Faith” is receiving the knowledge that Jesus is King, and that the actual message of salvation is “Jesus is King” and that the result of the message is faith. I wonder if this is consistent with Paul’s emphasis on faith in Romans, where faith is not so much about believing Jesus is king, but is contrasted with works? What happened to all those long discussions about the relationship between works and faith, grace and law, receiving by faith or being cut off?
Sorry. Reducing the gospel to “Jesus is King” does not do justice to Paul’s writing, let alone the paramount emphasis of the cross in the whole bible. What did all those dead animals mean in the Old Testament? What was all that about sacrificial blood? Why did the King have to die? Can I just “be good” to be made right with God? What am I trusting in? These are the “individualistic” issues that the gospel actually does address, while simultaneously being about bringing us into fellowship with the people of God with Jesus as our King (in heaven).
This next bit almost sounds like Wright wants us to join a societal revolution and “fix the world for Jesus”.
First, I suspect that this conception of Paul’s ‘gospel’, which is of course considerably more wholistic than some others, goes a lot further than competing analyses in explaining why this gospel provoked opposition, including violent opposition. Offering people a new religious mode of being, in a private sense, is not particularly threatening. It becomes so, and provokes violence, the minute it challenges the life and worldview of a community; this is so just as much in the modern ‘Christian’ western world as in first-century Asia Minor. The message of the cross was, as Paul ruefully noted, a scandal to Jews (1 Cor. 1.23; Gal. 5.11); the entire gospel was also a scandal to Gentiles, inviting them to abandon their long-held, and sometimes politically useful, allegiances and to give allegiance only to the still-very-Jewish, and therefore scandalous, Jesus. The idea that the early preaching of the gospel carried no particular political implications only shows, I think, how far we have gone in projecting the privatized nature
of western Christianity back onto Paul.28
To which I reply, rubbish!
“Give unto Caesar” etc…
Or as Paul puts it in Romans 13…
Romans 13
Submission to the Authorities
1Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. 2Consequently, he who rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. 3For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and he will commend you. 4For he is God’s servant to do you good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword for nothing. He is God’s servant, an agent of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. 5Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also because of conscience. 6This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing. 7Give everyone what you owe him: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
That’s Paul talking to the Romans about Roman rulers mind you! Emperors and his authorities that all worshipped Caesar as some kind of God. So where Wright would say they should “give allegiance only” to Jesus, Paul seems to say, in his own way, to “give unto Caesar what is due to Caesar”. Not only money, but taxes, revenue, respect, and honour.
In other words, we have 2 kings, our REAL heavenly king, and the laws and leaders of today. Where they are actually in real conflict, we obey God of course. But where things are neutral, there’s no use creating a fuss as if there was. So, for instance, I will not be handing out “business cards” with Jesus as the CEO of Coles.
Because last time I checked, he wasn’t.